SS-31 10MG

SS‑31 

SS‑31, is a synthetic tetrapeptide (D‑Arg‑dimethylTyr‑Lys‑Phe‑NH₂) widely studied in in vitro and in vivo models for its interactions with mitochondrial membranes. Classified as a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP), SS‑31 is characterized by its ability to associate with cardiolipin-rich regions of the inner mitochondrial membrane under controlled experimental conditions.

Mechanistic Insights (Experimental Models Only)

• Cardiolipin Interaction
  SS‑31 has been shown to localize to the inner mitochondrial membrane and engage with cardiolipin, a phospholipid involved in membrane curvature and mitochondrial bioenergetics.

• Mitochondrial Dynamics
  In research models, SS‑31 may influence mitochondrial membrane stability and support redox homeostasis by interacting with electron transport complexes.

• Oxidative Stress Parameters
  SS‑31 is frequently studied in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS), where it may modulate oxidative markers in cellular and tissue-based systems.

• Bioenergetic Indicators
  Experimental use of SS‑31 includes assessment of ATP production, membrane potential, and related metabolic outputs in isolated mitochondria or cultured cells.

Key Benefits of SS-31 Research:

• Mitochondrial Protection: Targets and binds to cardiolipin to stabilize mitochondrial membranes and enhance mitochondrial function.
• Reduction of Oxidative Stress: Mitigates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reducing oxidative damage to cells.
• Improved Energy Production: Enhances ATP synthesis by preserving mitochondrial efficiency.
• Anti-Apoptotic Effects: Protects cells from programmed cell death in models of mitochondrial dysfunction.
• Potential Neuroprotective Properties: Demonstrates benefits in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.
• Cardioprotective Effects: Improves heart function and reduces damage in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure.
• Anti-Inflammatory Action: Reduces mitochondrial-driven inflammation in disease models.
• Applications Across Diseases: Studied for use in various conditions, including muscular dystrophy, chronic kidney disease, and aging-related decline.

These benefits highlight SS-31’s potential as a tool for understanding mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in degenerative diseases.

Chemical Structure