Description
MOTS-C
| CAS Number | 1481373-06-9 |
| Alias | Mitochondrial ORF peptide Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of 12S rRNA |
| IUPAC Name | (4S)-4-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5‑carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-…continuing through all 16 residues…] butanoyl]amino]-…]]] N-[(2S)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2‑yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4‑oxo‑4‑[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl] |
| Molecular Formula | C88H139N25O20 |
| Molecular Weight | 2177.6 g/mol |
AICAR
| CAS Number | 2627-69-2 |
| Alias | Acadesine, AICA ribonucleotide |
| IUPAC Name | 5-amino-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide |
| Molecular Formula | C9H15N4O8P |
| Molecular Weight | 338.22 g/mol |
AICAR Overview
AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) is a synthetic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) analog that is widely used in preclinical and in vitro studies to investigate cellular energy regulation. It is a purine nucleoside that can enter cells and be phosphorylated to ZMP, an AMP mimetic, enabling direct activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Research applications focus on its potential to modulate metabolic pathways, mitochondrial function, and cellular stress responses.
Experimental Mechanisms (Laboratory Models Only)
1. AMPK Pathway Activation
AICAR’s phosphorylated form (ZMP) mimics AMP and binds to the AMPK γ-subunit, leading to activation without changes in AMP/ATP ratio. This makes AICAR a valuable research tool for studying AMPK’s role in:
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Glucose uptake
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Fatty acid oxidation
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Mitochondrial biogenesis
2. Metabolic & Insulin Pathway Studies
Preclinical studies have examined AICAR’s ability to:
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Increase glucose transporter expression (e.g., GLUT4) in muscle cells
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Improve insulin sensitivity in certain experimental models
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Enhance lipid metabolism and reduce triglyceride accumulation
3. Cellular Stress & Mitochondrial Research
AICAR has been used to explore:
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Adaptive stress responses in ischemia/reperfusion injury models
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Mitochondrial energy homeostasis and biogenesis signaling
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Protective effects against oxidative stress in metabolic challenge conditions
CJC-1295 (No DAC)/ Ipamorelin 5mg/5mg
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